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IIR document

Next generation natural refrigerant based industrial refrigeration technologies in north America, China, Japan and Europe.

• Author(s) : SKACANOVA K., MASSON N., DAVIDSON R.
• Publication date: 2016/08/21
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Outlook, North america, Natural refrigerant, Japan, Safety, China, R744, Europe, Transcritical cycle, Refrigerant charge
• Source: 12^th IIR Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Refrigerants (GL2016). Proceedings. Édimbourg, United Kingdom, August 21st-24th 2016.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Global trends for CO2 heat pumps - A study of market, technology and policy drivers in Japan, China, North America and Europe.

• Author(s) : DUSEK J., SKACANOVA K., MASSON N., et al.
• Publication date: 2015/08/16
• Languages : English
• Keywords : North america, Japan, China, R744, Heat pump, Market, Europe, CO2
• Source: Proceedings of the 24th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Yokohama, Japan, August 16-22, 2015.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Natural refrigerants in food retail-An overview of market, technology and policy trends in North America, Europe, China & Japan.

• Author(s) : MASSON N., SKACANOVA K., CHASSEROT M., et al.
• Publication date: 2014/08/02
• Languages : English
• Keywords : North america, Japan, Food, Commercial application, China, R744, Substitute, Market, Hydrocarbon, Europe, Refrigerant, CO2
• Source: 11^th IIR Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Refrigerants (GL2014). Proceedings. Hangzhou, China, August 31-September 2, 2014.
• Formats : PDF

Recommended by the IIR / IIR document

The use of natural refrigerants in North America – current trends and future opportunities.

• Author(s) : ELBEL S.
• Publication date: 2022/06/13
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Natural refrigerant, CO2, Ammonia, Air conditioning, R744, R717, Propane, R290, R600a, Isobutane, Commercial application, Refrigerated transport, Industrial application, Heat pump, North america, Case study
• Source: 15^th IIR-Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Refrigerants (GL2022). Proceedings. Trondheim, Norway, June 13-15^th 2022.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Securing safety, energy efficiency and long-term investment along the food cold chain by using natural refrigerants: a comparative market, policy and technology analysis of North America, Japan, China and Viet Nam.

• Author(s) : DUSEK J., MASSON N., SKACANOVA K.
• Publication date: 2015/08/16
• Languages : English
• Keywords : North america, Japan, Food, Cold chain, China, Viet nam, R744, Ammonia, Cold storage, CO2
• Source: Proceedings of the 24th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Yokohama, Japan, August 16-22, 2015.
• Formats : PDF

Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Summary for Policymakers, Technical Summary and full report.

• Author(s) : IPCC, PÖRTNER H. O., ROBERTS D. C., POLOCZANSKA E. S., MINTENBECK K., TIGNOR M., ALEGRÍA A., CRAIG M., LANGSDORF S., LÖSCHKE S., MÖLLER V., OKEM A.
• Publication date: 2022/03
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Climate change, Global warming, World, Africa, Asia, Central america, South america, Europe, North america
• Formats : PDF

ATMOsphere America 2014: The business case for natural refrigerants in North America. Summary Report.

• Author(s) : Shecco
• Publication date: 2014
• Languages : English

2014 North American refrigerated & frozen foods warehouse guide.

• Author(s) : IARW
• Publication date: 2014/07
• Languages : English
• Keywords : North america, Directory, Guide, Cold store, Cold storage

2015 Guide to natural refrigerants in North America: state of the industry.

• Author(s) : MASSON N.
• Publication date: 2015/09
• Languages : English

Simplified ground-source heat pump models for predicting heat extraction.

• Author(s) : BORDIGNON S., SPITLER J. D., ZARRELLA A.
• Publication date: 2023/05/15
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Ground-source system, Heat exchanger, Model, COP, Market, Europe, North america, Calculation
• Source: 14^th IEA Heat Pump Conference 2023, Chicago, Illinois.
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Low-charge ammonia technology in North Ameriva, China, Japan and Europe.

• Author(s) : SKACANOVA K., HAMILTON D., DUSEK J.
• Publication date: 2018/04/06
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Refrigerating system, North america, Japan, Generality, China, R717, Ammonia, Industry, Low charge, Europe
• Source: 5^th IIR International Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain. Proceedings: Beijing, Chine, 6-8 avril 2018
• Formats : PDF

IIR document

Insulated bodies for refrigerated transport vehicles: past, present and future construction techniques.

• Author(s) : CAPO C., SUQUET T., BOUDET N., et al.
• Publication date: 2019/08/24
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Regulations, North america, Refrigerated transport, Asia, Review, Sandwich panel, Insulating panel, Material, Europe, Construction
• Source: Proceedings of the 25^th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Montréal , Canada, August 24-30, 2019.
• Formats : PDF

Recommended by the IIR / IIR document

The sustainability of the food cold chain. Part 1- the carbon emission savings related to food losses reduction.

• Author(s) : SARR J., TOUBLANC C., DUPONT J. L., GUILPART J.
• Publication date: 2023/08/21
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Agriculture, Africa, Europe, Asia, CO2 emission, North america, South america, Food, Oceania, Modelling, Calculation, World, Carbon footprint, Cold chain, Food loss
• Source: Proceedings of the 26^th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration: Paris , France, August 21-25, 2023.
• Formats : PDF

Recommended by the IIR

Heating up the global heat pump market.

• Author(s) : ROSENOW J., GIBB D., NOWAK T., LOWES R.
• Publication date: 2022/10
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Heat pump, Market, Europe, North america, China, Ground-source system, Air-source system, Regulations
• Source: Nature Energy - vol. 7 - n. 10
• Formats : PDF

Recommended by the IIR

GECF Global Gas Outlook 2050 Synopsis 

• Author(s) : Gas Exporting Countries Forum
• Publication date: 2021/02
• Languages : English
• Keywords : Energy, Africa, Asia, Pacific, Europe, South america, North america, Middle East, CO2 emission, Natural gas, LNG, Economy, Market, Prediction, World, Regulations, Statistics

LNG to power locomotives in North America

As LNG prices drop, it is foreseeable that more railroad operators around the world will start looking at LNG as an alternative fuel for their locomotives.

• Publication date : 2013/06/04

Guide 2013: Natural Refrigerants - Market Growth for North America

The new Guide 2013: Natural Refrigerants - Market Growth for North America gives an overview of the status of ammonia, CO2, hydrocarbons, water and air as refrigerants in various sectors (food chain, city & buildings, transport, and industry...

• Publication date : 2013/05/06

Free GUIDE 2012: Natural Refrigerants – North America’s Market Potential coming in 2012

Following its 2011 global industry survey on natural refrigerants, shecco has launched a new industry survey, this time looking for active input from the heating, air-conditioning and refrigeration industry with operations in Canada, Mexico and...

• Publication date : 2012/05/18

CO2 is gaining ground in North-American supermarkets

In Canada, according to the shecco “GUIDE 2013: Natural Refrigerants - Market Growth for North America,”over 65 food-retail stores use or have made a purchase order for CO2 secondary, cascade, or transcritical refrigeration systems. CO2 is also...

• Publication date : 2013/08/26

North America biggest refrigerated warehouse

Currently under construction in Richland, in the US state of Washington, a refrigerated warehouse will have several merits upon completion in July 2015.

• Publication date : 2015/06/11

The cold chain logistics market in North America

TechNavio's analysts forecast the cold chain logistics market in North America to grow at a Compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 14.4 percent over the period 2014-2019.

• Publication date : 2015/03/18
• Subjects: Figures, economy

North America: Ice rinks and the phaseout of HCFC-22.

Retrofits in Minnesota and Michigan provide examples of good options.

• Publication date : 2017/02/10

50% of data center cooling systems soon upgraded in North America

According to Emerson Network Power, half of all data center cooling systems in North America will be upgraded before the end of 2016 in a drive for greater reliability, efficiency and additional capacity.

• Publication date : 2016/02/15

North America and Europe lead the global geothermal heat pump market

The global geothermal heat pumps market is expected to have a 13.1% compound annual growth rate (CAGR) from 2014 to 2020, reaching USD 130.5 billion by the end of 2020.

• Publication date : 2015/06/03
• Subjects: Figures, economy

Current status and future trends of natural refrigerants in North and South America

Two papers presented at the IIR Gustav Lorentzen Conference perfectly illustrate the interest in natural refrigerants and the obstacles they face in the Americas. 

• Publication date : 2022/09/28
• Subjects: Technology

North American air conditioning market

North American air-conditioning market expects growth to USD 52.56 billion by 2020, said Grand View Research in its latest report.

• Publication date : 2014/09/09
• Subjects: Figures, economy

North American geothermal heating and cooling markets

Geothermal heating and cooling technologies may hold the key for an increase in overall energy efficiency in non-residential buildings.

• Publication date : 2013/10/02

Penetration of transcritical CO2 continues to increase

In Europe, North America and Japan, the number of transcritical CO2 installations continues to increase significantly in commercial and industrial refrigeration. 

• Publication date : 2023/12/18
• Subjects: Figures, economy, HFCs alternatives

Largest American rooftop solar installation for cold store

The largest rooftop solar installation in North America on the roof of Gloucester Marine Terminal’s refrigerated warehouse is to be completed this autumn.

• Publication date : 2011/09/15

Latest IPCC report predicts an increased risk of heatwaves

The IPCC report published in February 2022 highlights several risks posed by rising temperatures, such as increased heat waves and greater energy demand for space...

• Publication date : 2022/03/31
• Subjects: Environment

News from IIR members: Bitzer

In 2009, Bitzer Brazil inaugurated the first CO2 Technology & Training Centre for North and South America. Installed in Sao Paulo, the centre provides training covering safety, design, installation, commissioning, servicing and maintenance....

• Publication date : 2010/05/27

International events: HVAC

An IIR event, HVAC Energy Efficiency Best Practice Conference, was organized in Melbourne by AIRAH (Australian Institute of Refrigeration, Air Conditioning and Heating), on September 17-19, 2008. Various topics were covered: the rating of energy...

• Publication date : 2008/10/25

Daikin launches educational initiative on next-generation refrigerants

Daikin Comfort Technologies partners with the ESCO Institute to prepare the HVAC industry for the use of low global warming potential refrigerants.

• Publication date : 2024/10/25
• Subjects: HFCs alternatives

IIR with INWIC at the WiHVACR Annual Conference

From 6th to 8th November 2023, the 20th Women in Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning and Refrigeration (WiHVACR) Annual Conference was held in Jacksonville, United States...

• Publication date : 2023/11/28

International Network for Women in Cooling Launches Online Platform to Connect Women Professionals Around the Globe

Paris, 11 May 2023 — Today, the International Network for Women in Cooling (INWIC) officially launched its web service, available at

• Publication date : 2023/05/11
• Subjects: General information

Small steps towards a giant leap! Parties to the Montreal Protocol continue discussions on HFCs

Last week saw another step towards a global agreement on the phase down of ozone depleting substances, the event started with a buzz around the new amendment proposals to the Montreal Protocol.

• Publication date : 2015/04/29
• Subjects: Regulation

Impact Factor of the International Journal of Refrigeration increases for yet another year

As a reflection of the quality of the journal, the Impact Factor (IF) of the International Journal of Refrigeration (IJR) has improved for a consecutive year, increasing by 16% from 2.779 in 2016 to 3.233 in 2017.

• Publication date : 2018/08/31

IIR Congress 2019: The refrigeration event of the year

Taking place on August 24-30, 2019 in Montreal (Canada), birthplace of the 1987 Montreal Protocol, the IIR Congress 2019 will be organised under the theme “Refrigeration for Human Health and Future Prosperity" and will focus on the current global...

• Publication date : 2019/07/30

OEWG36: Tough week of negotiations, no agreement except possible additional meetings

OEWG 36 spent much of its time focusing on moving the discussion on HFCs management forward.

• Publication date : 2015/07/29
• Subjects: Regulation

Cooling data centres: A major economic challenge

Larger data centres can use a staggering amount of energy just to ensure the day-to-day running of electronic equipment. As a result, these data centres can produce a great deal of heat, which require large-scale cooling systems in order to...

• Publication date : 2017/03/29

In numbers: Your International Journal of Refrigeration

The International Journal of Refrigeration (IJR) may only be one link in a long chain of high-quality scientific information, but its importance is greater than ever.

• Publication date : 2017/10/17

The OEWG 38: dedicated to the phase down of hydrofluorocarbons

The IIR reports back from the 38th Open-Ended Working Group meeting in Vienna

• Publication date : 2016/07/27

IIR at the 2024 ASHRAE winter conference and contribution to INWIC at the 2024 AHR expo

During ASHRAE’s Winter and the AHR expo meeting which took place in Chicago on January 20-24, the IIR organised and participated in the International Network of Women in Cooling (INWIC) networking...

• Publication date : 2024/01/26

Gustav Lorentzen conference 2022

After two years of pandemic during which the conferences were either cancelled or held online, the IIR had the pleasure of organising a conference on site, in Norway. It was attended by 332 participants. The...

• Publication date : 2022/07/08

Cryogenic nitrogen in the food and beverage industry

The adoption of cryogenic processes in the food and beverage industry is predominantly driven by liquid nitrogen (LIN), and it is the preferred candidate for food chilling and...

• Last update : 2023/11/07
• Langues : English, French
• Themes : Freezing of foodstuffs

Hydrocarbon refrigerants

Hydrocarbons such as R290 (propane), R600a (isobutane) or R1270 (propene/propylene) are low GWP non-toxic natural refrigerants with excellent thermodynamic properties. They offer an...

• Last update : 2022/06/22
• Langues : English, French
• Themes : Hydrocarbons, Containment, refrigerant charge reduction